Monthly Archives: May 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder: Fact or Fiction?

By: Jesper Sehested Pluslexia.com

What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), by definition, is a multi-complex disorder that is distinguished by a particular criteria which includes difficulties with social communication and interaction, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors (Narzisi et. al, 2021). Currently, it is estimated that every one in one hundred people will be diagnosed with some form of ASD, with incidence of diagnosis increasing in each passing year. Over the last few decades, several studies have shown that ASD is likely to have strong associations with other common disorders, including specific behaviors and symptoms (Narzisi et. al, 2021). Unfortunately, there are many misconceptions associated with ASD, leading to negative stereotypes and platforms for endless conspiracy theories.

Lets take a closer look at some of these myths and deceptive ideas…

Fact or Fiction: Savant Talents & Skills For All

FICTION!

In the media, ASD is oftentimes portrayed as a disorder in which the individual affected has some type of special skill or talent (Happe, 2018). These skills can include having a near-perfect memory or the ability to crack advanced codes with little to no effort. While it is possible for these individuals to possess a distinct special ability, this is not necessarily the norm for all of those diagnosed with ASD (Happe, 2018). 

Studies have shown that about one third of all adults diagnosed with Autism will exhibit a unique skill of some sort, whether this be visuo-spatial abilities, quick calculation of numbers, detailed drawing and painting, or the ability to read and perform music (Happe, 2018). In children, those exhibiting more definitive traits of Autism are more likely to acquire these special skills and talents, more specifically, the ability to notice and remember small details that most people would miss. This keen eye for detail is likely the root cause for musical and artistic talent with those diagnosed with Autism (Happe, 2018).

As the above clip states, ASD is a spectrum disorder, meaning each individual diagnosed is affected in their own personal way. Although not all individuals diagnosed with Autism will possess a specific talent or skill, it is still a possibility. Those on the Autism spectrum, whether or not they hold a special skill or talent, are capable of so much more than most people realize. 

 

Fact or Fiction: Autism May Lead to Criminal & Aggressive Behavior

FACT!

As stated by Hofvander et. al (2019), ASD has long been associated with an increased risk of aggressive and challenging behavior. This topic, while sensitive, has often been discussed and researched due to the fact that many individuals with ASD share several common characteristics. Some of these attributes include a lack of cooperation and respect, social naivety, compulsiveness, and a defiance to change (Hofvander, et. al, 2019).

According to Hofvander et. al (2019), numerous twin studies have revealed that the same genetic and environmental components associated with ASD have also been found to impact the development in those faced with oppositional and conduct disorders. One study in particular chose to focus on childhood arrestees diagnosed with ASD with the intention of finding an association between the disorder and delinquent behaviors. The study found that criminal, troublesome behavior was strongly linked to several signs and symptoms of Autism, even after being treated for secondary problems or disorders. Hofvander et. al (2019) goes on to explain that some studies have even revealed that consistently disruptive children usually possess Autism behavioral traits, with as many as one third ultimately meeting the criteria established for properly diagnosing ASD.  

While the above clips may not necessarily scream aggression or criminality, it does show the way in which those with ASD have difficulty with expressing themselves. When considering adults who are on the spectrum, there have been numerous reported cases regarding serious, persistent aggressive and offending behaviors, leading many researchers to believe that there is a clear association between ASD and aggressive, sometimes criminal behaviors (Hofvander et. al, 2019). Perhaps these behaviors are not meant to be ill-intended from the individual expressing them though-maybe, much like the clips above, they just have a hard time verbalizing their thoughts, feelings, and opinions on the world around them. 

Fact or Fiction: Vaccines Are to Blame

By: NIAID

FICTION!

The idea that vaccines are a possible cause of Autism is likely one of the oldest myths out there. According to Hviid et. al (2019), the thought that Autism is caused by receiving the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine has created challenges as well as heightened levels of fear, stress and anxiety in the parents of all young children.  

After the Lancet journals 1998 release of the highly controversial article discussing a possible link between Autism and vaccines, many individuals have become extremely cautious when considering vaccinations, especially for their children (Hviid et. al, 2019). Even two decades later, there is still an ongoing struggle, with many parents around the country opting out of vaccinating their children for fear they will develop Autism Spectrum Disorder soon after (Hviid et. al, 2019).

Something can certainly be said about the fact that the Lancet journal chose to retract their original article. Unfortunately, in this case, the damage had already been done. As Hviid et. al (2019) states, there have been countless observational studies conducted throughout the years, all of which failed to reveal an increased risk for Autism after receiving the MMR vaccine. To this day, the actual cause of Autism remains unknown, with only a handful of risk factors available to better gauge which individuals have a higher chance of diagnosis.

Fact or Fiction: Autism Hinders Nutrition

FACT!

In terms of nutrition and oral intake, ASD has proven to include a plethora of various behaviors and symptoms, such as inadequate dietary intake, food selectivity and even a complete refusal to eat (Narzisi et. al, 2021). These behaviors are so common, that they can affect up to 89% of all children diagnosed with some form of ASD. In fact, numerous studies have shown that children with ASD tend to consume decreased amounts of fruits, vegetables, calcium, and protein when compared to their generally developing peers (Narzisi et. al, 2021). Children with ASD tend to prefer foods that are higher in carbohydrates and fats such as pizza, cakes, cookies, and ice cream. These children have also been shown to consume inadequate amounts of vitamins, calcium, zinc, and dairy. 

As Narzisi et. al, (2021) highlights, with these increased levels of food selectivity, concern turns from what the child is eating, to how what they are eating is negatively impacting their health. Food selectivity in particular can ultimately lead to an oral fixation for the same food, likely a manifestation of the desire for consistency and the increased need to keep everything exactly the same (Narzisi et. al, 2021). Often times, this selectiveness for certain foods is created by a sensory processing issue, expressed by over-reactions from any of the five senses. This over-reaction can cause the child to become hypersensitive to certain food textures, leading to an increase in the level of selectiveness (Narzisi et. al, 2021).

By: David Goehring

Stop The Madness!

Autism Spectrum Disorder is not a diagnosis one should ever take lightly. Not only this, but those diagnosed should never be stereotyped or made to feel like a problem. These individuals process the world around them in a different way than most people-and that is not a bad thing. As a society, we need to learn to be more accepting and patient for those diagnosed with ASD. Doing so can lead to a decrease in misinformation and an increase in real, hard facts. 

References

Happé, F. (2018). Why are savant skills and special talents associated with        autism? World Psychiatry, 17(3), 280–281. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20552

Hofvander, B., Bering, S., Tärnhäll, A., Wallinius, M., & Billstedt, E. (2019). Few differences in the externalizing and criminal history of young violent offenders with and without autism spectrum disorders. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00911

Hviid, A., Hansen, J. V., Frisch, M., & Melbye, M. (2019). Measles, mumps, rubella vaccination and autism. Annals of Internal Medicine, 170(8), 513. https://doi.org/10.7326/m18-2101

Narzisi, A., Masi, G., & Grossi, E. (2021). Nutrition and autism spectrum disorder: Between false myths and real research-based opportunities. Nutrients, 13(6), 2068. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13062068

Parkinson’s and Benefits of Staying Active

Can an active lifestyle be an advantage for Parkinson’s disease? Below listen to the story of Jimmy Choi and how his life changed when he started to exercise often.

Not only can regular physical exercise have a positive effect on movement disorders, it can directly or indirectly affect the brain, restoring previously affected neural pathways (Oliveira et al, 2018).

 

 

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder that affects the nervous system and can cause symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, and slowed movement. While there is currently no cure for Parkinson’s disease, there are treatments available to help manage the symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life.

 

Then, is it better without medication?

No it isn’t. Some people misrepresent stopping the drug as improving symptoms. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to educate PD patients on medication timing and adherence (Grosset & Grosset, 2007).

 

It is possible that your symptoms have improved due to a combination of factors, including medication, supportive therapies such as physiotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Therefore, it is essential to work with your doctor to determine the best course of action for managing your condition and maintaining your quality of life.

 

 

If you are not sleeping well, and anxiety that depress you,

 


People often overlook the psychological and emotional impact of the Parkinson’s disease. While motor symptoms are widely recognized as a hallmark of Parkinson’s, the psychological and emotional symptoms can also be debilitating and significantly impact patients’ quality of life (Khatri et al., 2020). 

 

Many Parkinson’s patients struggle with depression, anxiety, and other emotional issues, yet they often go undiagnosed and untreated. This is because many patients focus solely on the disease’s motor symptoms while ignoring the psychological and emotional symptoms. Addressing the psychological and emotional symptoms of Parkinson’s can significantly improve a patient’s quality of life. By recognizing and treating these symptoms, patients can better cope with the challenges of the disease, leading to improved outcomes and greater overall well-being.

Another key factor I want to tell you..

While medication and exercise can help manage the symptoms of PD, nutrition plays a critical role in maintaining symptoms (Seidl et al., 2014). The current scientific literature on the link between nutrition and Parkinson’s disease highlights the importance of nutritional factors in the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease.

 

Targeted nutrition may also slow PD progression. Therefore, I recommend you consulting with a registered dietitian or healthcare professional to help you develop a balanced and nutritious meal plan.

 

Reference

Grosset, K.A., Grosset, D.G. Effect of educational intervention on medication timing in

Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol 7, 20 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-7-20

Khatri, D. K., Choudhary, M., Sood, A., & Singh, S. B. (2020). Anxiety: An ignored aspect of parkinson’s disease lacking attention. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 131, 110776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110776

Oliveira de Carvalho, A., Filho, A. S. S., Murillo-Rodriguez, E., Rocha, N. B., Carta, M. G., &

Machado, S. (2018). Physical Exercise For Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical And Experimental Evidence. Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH, 14, 89–98. https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901814010089

 Seidl, S. E., Santiago, J. A., Bilyk, H., & Potashkin, J. A. (2014). The emerging role of nutrition in parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2014.00036

The Importance of Childhood Vaccines

History of Childhood Vaccines

The first vaccine was developed in 1796 when Edward Jenner realized by exposing people to a small amount of cowpox, they would have some immunity to smallpox and have less severe disease.


✨The idea of inoculation was born✨

Inoculation – the action of introducing a person to an infective material or microorganism to help them build antibodies against the infection.

Before 1977, vaccines were not a major part of American public health. More than 2.6 million people would die annually of measles. Many other things contribute to people surviving diseases today, such as diet, exercise, access to health care in America, and treatments for diseases. However, vaccines are the backbone of this system. Providing the body protection against infection and severe disease makes all of these illnesses easier to treat.

It is estimated that routine childhood vaccines in America have prevented more than 4 million deaths per year.

When vaccines became widely available in the late 1970’s-early 1980’s, more than 90% of American children were completely vaccinated. Many diseases that once killed millions of people every year were considered eradicated from the United States.

Symptoms Post Vaccination 

  • redness/swelling or pain at injection site
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • sleepiness
  • Irritability/crying in infants
  • decreased appetite for up to 72 hours

Recent Vaccine Hesitancy


Vaccine hesitancy has become a major issue in our society today. This started in the late 1990’s when The Lancet published an article linking the MMR vaccine to autism. Since then, many parents have come to mistrust all vaccines, thus dropping the vaccination percentage in many societies. This leaves these children and many other people at risk to develop severe disease from preventable illnesses.

Proper Education to Help Parents Make Informed Decisions

It is important that all people understand the risks and benefits of vaccination and choosing against vaccination. There are people who should not be vaccinated and there are people who most definitely should be for themselves and for the people around them. This is always a conversation and risk and benefit analysis with a trusted health care provider. Information should not be taken from family/friends who do not know each individual medical history of the people involved in the decision.

McIntyre, P., & Walls, T. (2020). Global Public Health Impact of vaccines in children. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Global Public Health.

Vaccines as instruments of Public Health. (2022). Vaccines as Technology, 12–25.

Vaccines don’t save lives, vaccination does. (2021). The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific, 6, 100099

Dissociating Myths from Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Psychotherapy. Woman psychologist with tangled and untangled brain metaphor, society psychiatry concept vector illustration

What Is Dissociative Identity Disorder?

Have you ever scrolled through the internet or social media platforms and came across information about dissociative identity disorder (DID)? Did you ever think “wow I have that” or “these people are dangerous”? There’s a painful number of myths and over exaggerated information on the internet that needs to be addressed. First and foremost, what is DID? To answer your question, it’s a rare mental disorder that can be associated with severe behavioral symptoms. You may be familiar with the term “Multiple Personality Disorder” which is what DID was previously known as.

About 1.5% of the population internationally is diagnosed with this mental disorder (Mitra et al. 2022). Its most commonly associated with childhood trauma or abuse. Additionally, it could take multiple psychiatric sessions or even years to be correctly diagnosed as the disorder may be mistaken for others. DID is usually presented with more than one mental disorder. Furthermore, it is time to debunk myths and overexaggerated information on DID.

Below is a link for additional information on DID by trusted authors.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568768/

 

Dissociate This Idea…Myths, Exaggerations and False Impersonations

This link will connect you to a YouTube trailer for a movie called “Split”. It’s about a man with a diagnosis of DID who commits crimes such as murders and kidnappings. The clip shows the traits of the multiple different personalities of the main character. In the video, you can view “The Beast” personality specifically at 5 minutes and 30 seconds to see a man climbing the walls in an unnatural nature. The purpose of this clip is to identify exaggerated and false expectations of the characteristics and traits that DID includes.

 

http://Split | Every Personality Seen in Split – YouTube

What’s Actually True:
The reality of this nature is that DID does not give a person super powers or beastly strength. It is not uncommon for DID to present with other mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. Common symptoms of DID include but not limited to:
1. Memory loss of specific times and events.
2. Out of body experiences.
3. Detachment to your emotions.
4. Feeling of lack of self-identity.

There are 3 different types of dissociative disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DMS). They include:

  1. Dissociative amnesia
  2. Depersonalization
  3. Dissociation Identity

https://naminycmetro.org/diagnoses-mental-health/dissociative-disorders/

Above includes a link that will take you to a website that explains the 3 different types of dissociative disorders.

 

Provided below is link that will take you to a TikTok account presenting falsely and overly exaggerated traits of DID.

#dissociativeidentitydisorder | TikTok

Unfortunately, mental disorders receive a lot of attention and feedback on social media which makes it difficult to weed out what is true or false. Many users falsely claim they have these disorders to receive attention. The clip shows a user going in and out of multiple personalities, however according to McLean Hospital (2022) a person who suffers from DID does not know when they are presenting in a different identity, and if they are, it is very difficult for family members and friends to catch on. The TikToker is inaccurately impersonating a person with a serious mental disorder and spreading false awareness. DID does not present this way. Be careful finding information on social media platforms. Look for “.org” and trusted authors with credentials.

You may click on the links below to find information on how individuals who are diagnosed with DID typically present.

http://Dissociative Identity Disorder: What You Need To Know | McLean Hospital

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2719457/

This video clip below will take you to the fictional movie “Identity” which was released in 2003 and can also be found on Netflix. The storyline is based on a violent serial killer who has “multiple personality disorder” or now known as DID. The plot twist is his 10 different personalities that commit these murders. The movie is portraying that DID is a very violent mental disorder and the murders that the main character commits with his multiple personalities. The purpose of this link is to yet again, show the false perception of a person with DID. Movies like this spread false interpretations of people who have DID. They are not violent people.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQkG2x3qTf4

If you would like to understand DID more, click the link below for a quick yet thorough explanation.

http://Understanding Dissociative Identity Disorder – YouTube

Take Aways
There is a lot of false information and myths on the internet in regard to DID. From movies to TikToks, DID has been sought out to be a violent and aggressive mental disorder. Yes, DID is absolutely a serious mental disorder, but no, it does not include violent behavior or super strength. It’s important to decipher what is fact and what is fiction. Unfortunately, mental disorders receive a lot of attention thus making social media platforms and most movies unreliable for accurate information.

  • DID is associated with childhood trauma.
  • It could be difficult to notice sudden behavior or personality switches.
  • DID experience anxiety, depression, mood swings and memory gaps.
  • There are 3 different types of dissociative disorders.
  • They are not violent people.
  • DID does not give super strength.

 

References

Mitra, P., & Jain, A. (2022, May 17). National Center for Biotechnology Information. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved April 26, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568768/

National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2022, May 10). Dissociative disorders – NAMI-NYC. NAMI. Retrieved April 25, 2023, from https://naminycmetro.org/diagnoses-mental-health/dissociative-disorders/

The A system on TikTok. TikTok. (2021, June 25). Retrieved April 19, 2023, from https://www.tiktok.com/@theasystem/video/6977800774403247365?lang=en

Understanding dissociative identity disorder. Dissociative Identity Disorder: What You Need To Know | McLean Hospital. (2022, August 29). https://www.mcleanhospital.org/essential/did#:~:text=Most%20people%20with%20DID%20rarely,can%20occur%20in%20the%20condition.

YouTube. (2017, February 16). Identity (2003) Official Trailer 1 – john cusack movie. YouTube. Retrieved April 19, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQkG2x3qTf4

YouTube. (2019, July 26). Split | every personality seen in split. YouTube. Retrieved April 19, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KR-oZ3s-0Jk

YouTube. (2021, May 10). Understanding dissociative identity disorder. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tw3Wo1Y0DjE

Why Are My Feet On Fire?

Everything you need to know about diabetic peripheral neuropathy and more

Blog: Denise Anzaldi

spoor fire abstract

What causes Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy?

Do you have burning, tingling, electric shocks, or even numbness in your feet? If you are a diabetic, you may be experiencing something called Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy or DPN.  This disease affects 50% of people with diabetes (Huo et al., 2022). It happens when your blood glucose is not adequately controlled, leaving your blood circulation with too much glucose coursing through it. This excess sugar wreaks havoc on every organ in your body, clogging up even the smallest capillaries in your hands and feet. When the capillaries get clogged, blood cannot nourish the nerves in these areas; the nerve will become damaged, causing the nerve to not send signals correctly to the brain for interpretation. Nerve Complications :: Diabetes Education OnlineExamples can be not feeling hot or cold properly, having feelings of electric shocks, burning, and tingling. As the disease progresses, the nerve will start to shrivel and die. This is when you will have numbness, and you can become susceptible to cuts, bruises, and ulcers. Diabetics are slow wound healers. Since you will not be able to feel these cuts, they can become infected; if neglected, the infection can quickly enter the bloodstream, causing sepsis, or enter the bone, causing osteomyelitis. Amputations are common at this point, as the infected area may be too far gone to save.

Are there cures???

Let’s explore some common cures out there being pushed by social media for the painful diagnosis of DPN. Are they Fact or Fiction?

Supplements:  Neuropure

 

Neuropure is marketed as a dietary supplement to treat and eventually cure nerve pain due to neuropathies, including neuropathy from diabetes. The supplements are in capsule form, and by taking two capsules a day for 2-3 months, the neuropathy will become less noticeable until it disappears altogether. The way the product works is explained as preventing 3 enzymes produced in our bodies from becoming overactive, “ripping away at the skin and collagen causing the nerves to become overactive” (getneuropure.com, 2021) and thus causing neuropathy. The capsules contain all-natural ingredients from flowers and herbs that have “the ability to protect from oxidative stress, support healthy anxiety and stress levels, help with insomnia, and have a calming effect on the nerves by supporting GABA in the brain” (Neuropure, 2021).  

FACT:

  • research has shown once nerve damage is present, antioxidants and vitamins will not reverse it
  • blood glucose levels still need to be controlled to prevent further nerve damage
  • no FDA regulations on the potency of these supplements or their effectiveness
  • A1C levels are unaffected by any supplementation, meaning nerve damage can still occur

There are countless products out there claiming to cure or prevent DPN; an intelligent consumer needs to be savvy and not spend resources on these supplements that are unproven.

Red light therapy

www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNXDuFc5cHU&list=PLx8sKK_MHk6H8PlIKkLw3-z30dw

A popular video series on YouTube, The Nerve Doctors, discusses treatments for peripheral neuropathy. In this episode, Dr.Coppola discusses photobiomodulation, or light therapy, to help repair the nerve damage to the feet from DPN.  Dr. Coppola states, “The nerve regenerates 1 inch per month, but with the light therapy, it is sped up to 4 inches per month” (2022). He explains that the feet are placed inside these boots with infrared lights on the inside. This light therapy penetrates deep into the tissues and stimulates the mitochondria of the cells to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the cell’s fuel. This fuel increases cellular metabolism, decreases pain, and accelerates the healing of damaged nerves. It also releases nitrous oxide from the cell, which, in turn, causes vasodilation of the circulatory system. This increases blood circulation throughout the body and has been proven effective for many diseases. Light therapy has been used in Europe for over thirty years with much success, as per Dr. Coppola (2022).

FACT

  • for home use, no medical supervision is required
  •  an expensive product that may or may not work
  • clinical studies have shown after 90 days, 40 min a day, no improvement
  • gives false hope to those suffering

Researchers have already debunked this pricey gadget; save your money on this one.

Electric Stimulation

 

watch?v=QSopeoQX2G0

This video on YouTube by The Neuropathy Doctor, titled Neurogenx Treatment for Neuropathy, discusses a new device to help neuropathy sufferers. This modality is similar in design to an E-stim machine commonly used in physical therapy, along with the same concept of adhering electrodes to the areas along the nerve pathways. This procedure is performed in the doctor’s office. More than one procedure must be performed to see results. In one testimonial, the patient stated he had undergone 11 treatment sessions. As per Dr. Gibson in the YouTube video, this product works best on small-fiber neuropathy and does not work on large-fiber neuropathy or autonomic neuropathy (The Neuropathy Doctor, 2020). Knowing the patient’s type of neuropathy before proceeding with this treatment will be essential. This device uses high-frequency electronic waves “to reach down through muscle and tissue to reduce swelling, remove excess fluids and waste products to reduce pain and increase healing” (Neurogenx, 2020). The treatments will eventually reverse neuropathy symptoms, significantly reduce the amount and frequency of medication the patient takes or eliminate it altogether. Patients will regain feeling and nerve function and return to activities they once enjoyed.

Fact

  • E-stim has been used for years for pain management
  • healthcare providers should perform under medical supervision
  • may increase blood circulation to the damaged area, improving healing, reduces inflammation

E-stim overall does seem to show some usefulness as adjunctive therapy in addition to medications and good blood glucose control. More studies still need to be performed for more conclusive evidence.  Still, I think if it is not performed properly, the correct parameters are not used, and if it is not consistently performed, e-stim will not be effective. The authors of this research article have written other articles on the effective use of e-stim to treat DN. Many of the same doctors who wrote some of the other research articles I reviewed were also part of this article. This is the most promising for pain management and improved circulation. More research should be done on e-stim to help with this painful diagnosis.

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly…

Diabetes and Foot Care: Diabetic Neuropathy - Gluxus Health - COMFORTAID

  • Controlling blood glucose levels to prevent further damage is key . Podiatrists recommend diabetics have yearly visits to ensure healthy feet and, if DPN is present, to have toenails trimmed professionally to prevent ingrown toenails, fungus, and infections.
  • DPN can happen at any age, but the most affected population is the elderly population of 75 years and older (Popescu et al. 2016). Most scams or disinformation are geared towards an uninformed population who might need to gain the educational knowledge to research things before these purchases are made. 
  • Searching for a quick fix to this painful medical diagnosis, one can see how anyone can easily fall prey to these scams. We can undoubtedly be taken advantage of and persuaded to purchase expensive items, especially when it is “doctor-recommended” or “FDA-approved.” These catchphrases might provide false hope for a cure, and it’s a waste of money.
  • Continued research is necessary to find alleviation to this painful diagnosis.

References

Huo, J., Xue, Y., Dong, X., Lv, J., Wu, L., Gao, H., Yang, X., Liu, H., & Gao, Q. (2022, July 11). Efficacy of vitamin and antioxidant supplements for treatments of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Nutritional Neuroscience. EBSCO. DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2022.2090606

Lavery, L. A., Murdoch, D. P., Williams, J., & Lavery, D. C. (2008, February 1). Does anodyne light therapy improve peripheral neuropathy in diabetes? Diabetes Care, 31(2). Google Scholar. DOI:10.2337/dc07-1794

Neuropure Dietary Supplement, Neuropure by Premier Vitality, 10 September 2021.              

www.Secure.getneuropure.com

Popescu, S., Timar, B., Baderca, F., Simu, M., Diaconu, L., Velea, J., & Timar, R. (2016, March 15). Age as an independent factor for the development of neuropathy in diabetic patients. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 11, 313-318. DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S97295

Trilhas Sunoras. (April 2023) Neuropure, Beware, Neuropure review,

  YouTube

Elementor #6485

Melatonin: Am I Doing This Right?

Repurposing Medications for Parkinson's disease | APDA

It is not a secret that melatonin plays a very important role in our sleep wake cycles. In fact, most species have and use this hormone for this purpose. However, in recent years, the United States has seen an increase in over the counter (OTC) melatonin-use. According to the CDC (2022), within the United States, an increase from $285 million to $821 million occurred between 2016 and 2022. Currently, the United States is one of the few remaining countries that classifies OTC melatonin as a dietary supplement, whereas countries such as the United Kingdom, European Union, Japan, Australia, and Canada have banned the sale of melatonin over the counter (Grigg-Deamberger & Ianakieva, 2017). Due to this classification, there is a lot of information about the dietary supplement that remains unknown by the general population. Advertisements created are often geared towards the use of the general public and misrepresent the appropriate consumption of melatonin as a supplement for both children and adults.

HOW DO WE VIEW MELATONIN IN THE MEDIA?


This is an ad you could see watching TV, streaming, or surfing the web. And the message is clear: if you’re feeling like you can’t fall asleep right away, feel restless throughout the night, or wake frequently, then OTC melatonin is right for you. But how do we know if advertisements like this are correct? How do we know the appropriate dosage? How do we know what is in the supplements we are buying?

For parents with children that struggle with bedtime advertisements like this sound like a dream:

 

 “Can this help me get more hours of rest each night?” “Will that help me with my productivity tomorrow? If I’m more productive, I will be a better parent.”

WHERE DO THE DANGERS IN MELATONIN LIE?

Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone, so how could it be harmful? It isn’t the use of melatonin as a dietary supplement that is the issue. It is the danger of knowing WHAT is within your supplements, what the appropriate dosages are, and how they should be utilized. Because OTC melatonin is considered a dietary supplement, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is not required to regulate what is being used within the medication. Often, companies supplement or misrepresent dosing, which can be extremely dangerous (NCCIH, 2022). According to a study conducted by Li et al (2022) attached here, prior to 2006 reported use of melatonin over 5 m/g was not found, however in recent years the use of more than 5 m/g has increased by 95% across all demographic groups.

Another area where we must tread with caution is how the melatonin is stored. Because it is considered a dietary supplement, most people assume it is not dangerous which has led to an exceptional number of accidental ingestions, primarily by children. In a study conducted by the CDC attached here. It was found that the number of ingestions that have led to adverse complications, hospitalizations, and even death has increased by 530%, during the ten-year study period (CDC 2022). This is likely attributed to the overall increase of homes that now contain OTC melatonin, and the “fun” gummy presentation of the medication which appeals to children.

SO, WHAT IS THE SAFE WAY TO USE MELATONIN?

Recent research suggests melatonin is safe and effective for short-term use (Montague, 2022), such as:

  • Jet lag
  • Some short-term sleep conditions
  • Shift changes at work
  • Some cases of insomnia

However, the current research does not contain information about the effects of long-term use on child or adult populations.

So, the takeaway is this: Can OTC melatonin help you in correcting or re-correcting your sleep-wake cycles day-to-day? Yes. But it shouldn’t be relied on as the sole provider for this process. There is a lot you can try:

Change your sleep environment (darkening curtains, limited background lighting, etc.)

Limit your caffeine intake during the afternoon

  Incorporate exercise into your daily living

Limit electronic use before bed

But most of all: TALK TO YOUR DOCTOR!

            Before choosing to take OTC melatonin daily, communicate with your primary care physician. Ask about interactions with other medications, ask about the appropriate dosing, and ask for a recommended brand because they are NOT all the same. 

Resources:

Grigg-Damberger MM, Ianakieva D. Poor Quality Control of Over-the-Counter Melatonin: What They Say Is Often Not What You Get. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017 Feb 15;13(2):163-165. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.6434. PMID: 28095978; PMCID: PMC5263069.

Lelak, K., Vohra, V., Neuman, M., Toce, M., & Sethuraman, U. (2022, June2). Pediatric      melatonin ingestions – United States, 2012–2021. Centers for Disease Control and           Prevention. Retrieved April 25, 2023, from            https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7122a1.htm?s_cid=mm7122a1_w#sugg     stedcitation

Li J, Somers VK, Xu H, Lopez-Jimenez F, Covassin N. Trends in Use of Melatonin Supplements Among US Adults, 1999-2018. JAMA. 2022;327(5):483–485. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.23652

Montague, J. (2022). Melatonin mystery. New Scientist, 256(3419), 41–45. https://doi        org.ezproxy.neit.edu/10.1016/s0262-4079(22)02322-3

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2022, July). Melatonin: What you need to know. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Retrieved April 22, 2023, from https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/melatonin-what-you-need-to-know

YouTube. (2018, September 5). Natrol melatonin TV commercial (:30 – captioned). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTnUT7SZioM

YouTube. (2018b, October 18). Vicks® Pure ZzzsTM melatonin gummies for kids | by Vicks®. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCzzfaY-dAE

 

Autism

Autism and its Common Misconceptions

Most of us have heard of Autism. We may have seen it portrayed in the media, some of us may have a coworker with it or maybe even a classmate … but what is Autism, really?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that can affect how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave (National Institute of Mental Health, 2023). The most important takeaway from this definition is that Autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning it will affect each individual differently.

Now that we have some background information about what Autism is, let’s discuss some common misconceptions.

Misconception #1: Autism is a menacing illness.

Oftentimes you’ll hear of instances where someone may confide in a friend a share that their child was recently diagnosed with Autism. The response is typically “I’m so sorry”. But why? My guess would be that people often think of Autism as a “death sentence”. Here are some examples of how Autism is often depicted.

Let’s Discuss

The above videos “I Am Autism” and “A Look At Autism Everyday” give Autism a negative connotation. In the video “I Am Autism” Autism is portayed as a menacing monster that is capable of taking away hopes and dreams of its “victims”. In the video “A Look At Autism Everyday” the news reporter explains his nephew’s Autism as an issue that affects his family and “something that is incredibly scary”. Autism is not an issue, it is not a menacing monster or something scary. In fact, an article written by Anderson & Butt (2017) discusses the successes young adults with Autism can achieve in college along with the obstacles they may face along their journey. The article concludes that “Many young adults with ASD are cognitively able, even gifted, and can succeed at college with adequate preparation and support. It is important that high schools, families, and institutions of higher education collaborate to maximize the likelihood of success for these students” (Anderson & Butt, 2017). Autism does not equate to inadequacy.

Misconception #2: All people with Autism are the same.

It is commonly thought that individuals with Autism all present in the same manner. Oftentimes people associate Autism with an inability to communicate verbally, an inability to mantain eye contact and social awkwardness. While some, if not all of these traits may be true for someone on the spectrum, every person you encounter on the spectrum will not meet all of these criteria.

Let’s Discuss

The video compares a child with Autism to a child without Autism. The narrator makes points like someone with Autism will have a difficult time maintaining eye contact, casual conversation and might have a difficult time in public settings. While this may be true, it is important to remember that Autism is a spectrum and affects each individual differently. There are plenty of individuals who have Autism who are able to maintain a standard conversation. It is important to note that although this video does make valid points regarding Autism it must be acknowledged that Autism is not a diagnosis with a cookie cutter presentation.

John et al. (2018) writes an interesting article that aims to shine light on the misconceptions of Autism. The authors state that “Identifying myths and views about Autism will help with the development of educational based interventions to improve lay understandings of Autism” (John et al., 2018).

Main Takeaways:

  • Autism is a spectrum disorder – Each person presents differently. It is not a cookie cutter presentation.
  • Individuals with Autism are capable of achieving success though their journey might look a little different than ours.
  • Most of the things we think we know about Autism are really just misconceptions. Autistic individuals are just like you and I experiencing the world in a different way. 

References

John, R. P., Knott, F. J., & Harvey, K. N. (2018). Myths about autism: An exploratory study using focus groups. Autism, 22(7), 845-854.http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317714990

Anderson, C., & Butt, C. (2017). Young Adults on the Autism Spectrum at College: Successes and Stumbling Blocks. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 47(10), 3029–3039. https://doi-org.ezproxy.neit.edu/10.1007/s10803-017-3218-x

National Institute of Mental Health. (2023, February). Autism Spectrum Disorder. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd

YouTube. (2016). I Am Autism. YouTube. Retrieved May 1, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UgLnWJFGHQ.

A Look At Autism Everyday. (2013). YouTube. Retrieved May 1, 2023, from https://youtu.be/j_VOF_FNxRQ.

YouTube. (2021). 5 Signs You DO NOT Have Autism. YouTube. Retrieved May 1, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrsDDZycjfY.

Drinking from a BORG: A Gallon of False Promises.

Those of us who scroll social media sites such as Tik Toc and Instagram have likely seen influencers posting about the latest drinking trend: the “blackout rage gallon” a.k.a the BORG.

Blackout Rage Gallon: BORG

1/2 Gallon of water

1/2 Gallon of Vodka

1 Bottle of flavor enhancer (may contain caffeine)

@autumnjewel13

Let me know if you try it! #piday #Alcohol #duet #fyp

♬ Buttercup – Jack Stauber

Videos claiming that drinking from a BORG is the “safer” way to get drunk, and that it also prevents that pesky hangover the morning after! Some “preventionists” weigh in on why they favor the BORG rather than consuming communal drinks.

Why BORG?

  • You can control what type and how much alcohol you are mixing.
  • The closed container reduces the risk of someone putting drugs or other unwanted substances in your beverage.
  • There is no sharing of cups in which diseases may be spread.
  • Some recipes include an electrolyte additive. 
@erin.monroe_

Replying to @yodster42 #borg #genz #millennial #harmreduction #foryou

♬ Aesthetic – Tollan Kim

Still tempted to make your own BORG?

Let’s break down the facts.

BORG Truths: 

  • Although there is 1/2 a gallon of water in a BORG, this does not cancel out the large amounts of alcohol it contains. 
  • The average BORG recipe calls for the alcohol equivalent of 16 drinks.
  • Some recipes call for flavor enhancers containing caffeine, which can interfere with the ability to recognize how intoxicated one is. 
  • BORGS encourage binge drinking, or the consumption of large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time. This can lead to alcohol poisoning, caffeine toxicity, unwanted sexual attention, DUI’s and even death. 

If no BORG, then what?

There are safer ways to consume alcohol, some of which include:

  • Limiting the number of alcoholic beverages consumed, especially over a short period of time.
  • Hydrating and consuming food before drinking. 
  • Avoid the mix of medications and alcohol.
  • Know the signs of alcohol poisoning, which include: includes confusion, vomiting, seizures, slow or irregular breathing, cyanosis (bluish discoloration of skin), hypothermia, and trouble staying awake. These symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. 

 

References

CDC. (2022, April 19). Facts about moderate drinking. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/moderate-drinking.htm

FDA. (2018, December 12). Spilling the beans: How much caffeine is too much? U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/spilling-beans-how-much-caffeine-too-much

FDA. (2018, December 12). Spilling the beans: How much caffeine is too much? U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/spilling-beans-how-much-caffeine-too-much

Mayo Clinic. (2023). Alcohol poisoning. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcohol-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-20354386

Moniuszko, S. (2023). What’s a borg? the latest college drinking trend, explained. CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/whats-a-borg-college-drinking-trend-explained

 

 

 

Dissociative Identity Disorder in the Media

When you hear the diagnosis dissociative identity disorder or DID, what is the first thing that comes to mind? Is it a movie or TV show that you’ve seen?

Is this what you thought of when hearing DID? Someone who is violent and dangerous, someone that you should be afraid of.

Or is this what you imagined when thinking about someone who has DID? Someone who can easily switch between personalities on command. Someone who uses their diagnosis as a party trick.

What is Dissociative Identity Disorder?

It was previously known as multiple personality disorder, and is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personalities. Someone who has experienced some type of trauma or conflict can start to dissociate or develop a different personality as a way to cope (Patrichi et al., 2021). The truth about those with dissociative identity disorder is

  • they are more likely to self harm than be dangerous (Nester et al., 2022)
  • they are victimized by others
  • they often abuse drugs and alcohol
  • they are isolated and oftentimes avoided by others
  • the differences in each personality can be subtle that others may not be able to notice a personality change

The media often dramatizes situations or in this case a diagnosis to offer better entertainment. They offer perceptions of dangerousness, social distancing, and use stigmatizing language to make a TV show or movie more interesting (Dillinger, 2021). However, misrepresentations in the media creates a stigma and can be dangerous. What if you know nothing about DID and the only thing you’ve seen or heard about it is from a TV show or movie? You might believe that what is portrayed in the media is true.

This clip is a great example of how the media can misrepresent a diagnosis. If this is all you knew about DID then you might be scared of someone with this disorder. There is already such a stigma surrounding mental illness, let’s not add to it. Think about what these individuals must be feeling, seeing themselves represented as dangerous and violent. It can make it hard for them to share their diagnosis with anyone because of the stigma attached to it thanks to the media (Davis, 2021).

Ending the Misrepresentations

It’s time as a society that we try and end the stigma that surrounds mental illness. This is not something that will happen easily or quickly because of all the misinformation out there, however let’s not be part of the problem. The next time you see something on TV or in a movie, do some research before blindly accepting what is portrayed. It’s important to remember not to believe everything you hear or see on TV. Let’s form our own opinion on a situation and keep an open mind and heart. It could mean the world to someone to know that they are not being misjudged based solely on a disorder that they have. The research conducted helped to debunk and discredit the media’s claims and portrayals of dissociative identity disorder.

 

References

Davis , S. (2021). Dissociative identity disorder: A misrepresented diagnosis. NAMI. https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/June-2021/Dissociative-Identity-Disorder-A-Misrepresented-Diagnosis

Dillinger, R. L. (2021). Addressing the Stigma Surrounding Serious Mental Illness in Adolescents: a Brief Intervention. Psychiatric Quarterly, 92(1), 161–167. https://doi-org.ezproxy.neit.edu/10.1007/s11126-020-09787-6

Nester, M. S., Boi, C., Brand, B. L., & Schielke, H. J. (2022). The reasons dissociative disorder patients self-injure. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 13(1), 1–10. https://doi-org.ezproxy.neit.edu/10.1080/20008198.2022.2026738

Patrichi, B. E., Ene, C., Rîndaşu, C., & Trifu, A. C. (2021). Dissociative Amnesia and Dissociative Identity Disorder. Journal of Educational Sciences & Psychology, 11(1), 207–216. https://doi-org.ezproxy.neit.edu/10.51865/JESP.2021.1.18